Paniers are a bike's version of saddle bags
Read all about Panniers here: tomsbiketrip.com/best-panniers-for-cycle-touring-expeditions
Load Distribution
Distribute your load equally left side compared to right side
You'll want your bike to ride without needing to lean on straight-aways
Panniers sit lower than gear that may be stored on top of your rack, allowing you to distribute your load lower
A lower center of gravity helps with both handling when riding as well as keeping your bike upright at stops
Use of panniers in the front allows you to better balance your bike (road use)
Place 60% of your weight in the front and 40% in the rear
Since the front panniers are likely smaller, place heavy items in the front and bulky textile items such as clothing and sleeping bags in the rear
NOTE: for off road use, front panniers have notable drawbacks
Can negatively affect handling in thigh turns
Can get hung up on obstacles
Attachment Style
Hooks
Easy way to attach pannier to rack
Can get knocked off if pannier hits a tree or if your ride is too bumpy
Usually commercial ones are fine
Build carefully if making a DIY pannier
Straps
Generally more secure than hooks
It's hard to beat the quality of a commercially built bike pannier.
Examples
Great if you can afford them or get them on clearance
Waterproof fabric
Roll closure insures your gear stays dry
Back Roller Classic
Favorite for Bike Touring
Tried and tested on so many bike tours
Made from thick material designed to last for years
These are a bit overbuilt for BikePacking, making them heavier than other options
Capacity: 20 liters each
Weight 4.2lbs
Gravel-Pack Panniers
Smaller bag made from thinner material
Better designed for BikePacking than the overbuilt Back Roller Classics
Capacity: 12.5 liters each
Same capacity as Sport-Roller (used to be used for front)
Weight 1.3lbs
No longer listed on REI website as of late 2024
Great bag - you may still find one used or maybe they will come back
Compression straps allow you to tighten up floppy cargo
Side pocket is a nice touch
Weight 1.1lbs
Capacity: 18 liters each
Weight: [20L] 1.7lbs (784g)
Capacity: 15 and 20 liters each
You can make your own 4 Gallon Square Bucket (kitty litter buckets) Panniers
When setting them up, make sure your feet don't hit them
This is a great options for a Scout group heading out for multiday riding adventures
Economical
Fun to set up
Customized graphics on side make them even better
Bucket Pannier Examples:
Plastic Can Panniers - aka Canniers
Daypacks and rucks can be converted into panniers
Kits like these will make conversion easier
Examples
Parachute Bag Pannier - these are HUGE
Backpack using Ortlieb hardware
imgur.com/pzeL9yy front view of backpack pannier
Full size panniers tend to be large
If you are accustomed to light weight backpacking, full size panniers may be a bit too much
Mini Pannier are small and may be all that you need
Some were designed to be front panniers, but can be mounted in the rear
Some mini panniers are small enough to mount to cargo cages on the side of your forks or side of mini cargo racks
Examples
Tailfin 10L Mini Panniers
Revelate Designs Nano Panniers
Bedrock Hermosa UL Pannier